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Что (кто) такое Export Administration Regulations - определение
UNITED STATES EXPORT GUIDELINES AND PROHIBITIONS
ECCN; Commerce Control List; Export Control Classification Number; Export administration regulations
Export Administration Regulations
The Export Administration Regulations provide specific instructions on the use and types of licenses required and the types of commodities and technical data under control.
Commerce Control List
The CCL includes all items -- commodities, software, and technical data -- subject to BXA export controls and incorporates not only the national security controlled items agreed to by CoCom (the "core" list), but also items controlled for foreign policy (i.e., biological warfare, nuclear proliferation, missile technology, regional stability, and crime control) and short supply. The list is divided into 10 general categories: (1) materials, (2) materials processing, (3) electronics, (4) computers, (5) telecommunications and cryptography, (6) sensors, (7) avionics and navigation, (8) marine technology, (9) propulsion systems and transportation equipment, and (10) miscellaneous.
Export Control Classification Number
Every product has an export control classification number (formerly: Export Control Commodity Number) within the Commerce Control List. Each ECCN consists of five characters that identify the category, product group, type of control, and country group level of control.
Википедия
Export Administration Regulations
The Export Administration Regulations (EAR) are a set of regulations found at 15 C.F.R. § 730 et seq. They are administered by the Bureau of Industry and Security, which is part of the US Commerce Department. The EAR regulates export and export restrictions: whether a person may export something from the U.S.; re-export something from a foreign country; or transfer something from one person to another in a foreign country. The EAR applies to physical objects - sometimes referred to as "commodities" - as well as intellectual property such as technology and software.
Примеры употребления для Export Administration Regulations
1. We need to use experts in this, and this question is such that I am not able to answer it." The purpose of the export legislation (Export Administration Regulations, or EAR) is to prevent the export of devices with civilian and military applications to countries that the United States considers its enemies.
2. There are no predetermined technology limits or "red lines" set forth in the Export Administration Regulations, but we carefully evaluate the quantity and quality of the equipment and technical know–how proposed for export to assure that it is necessary for, and not in excess of, the civil end–uses stated in the license application. Since 2002, this policy has yielded positive results for U.S. exporters while protecting U.S. national security interests. In 2004, the U.S. approved semiconductor manufacturing equipment (SME) exports to Chinese foundries well in excess of $240 million, making SME the largest single licensed item by dollar value.